An explicit table

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

use PDF\Document\Fonts\StandardFont;
use PDF\Document\Fonts\Type1Font;
use PDF\Document\ResourceDictionary;
use PDF\Document\Resources\Font;
use PDF\FileStructure;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\ContentStreams;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operator;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\AppendRectangle;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\BeginTextObject;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\EndTextObject;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\FillPathNonzero;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\LineTo;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\MoveTextPosition;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\MoveTo;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\SetLineWidth;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\SetNonstrokingRGBColor;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\SetStrokingRGBColor;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\SetTextFontAndSize;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\ShowText;
use PDF\Syntax\ContentStreamsResources\Operators\StrokePath;
use PDF\Syntax\DataStructure\Rectangle;
use PDF\Syntax\DocumentStructure\DocumentCatalog;
use PDF\Syntax\DocumentStructure\PageTree\PageObject;
use PDF\Syntax\DocumentStructure\PageTree\PageTreeNode;
use PDF\Syntax\FileStructure\FileBody;
use PDF\Syntax\FileStructure\FileHeader;
use PDF\Syntax\Object\DictionaryObject\Entry;
use PDF\Syntax\Object\DictionaryType;
use PDF\Syntax\Object\IndirectReference;
use PDF\Syntax\Object\NameType;
use PDF\Syntax\Object\NumericType;
use PDF\Syntax\Object\StreamObject;
use PDF\Syntax\Object\StringObject\LiteralString;

require dirname(__DIR__) . '/vendor/autoload.php';

// 1. PDF draws paths and text. This recipe calculates its cells
// in the script, then constructs each operator explicitly.
// All visible values are ASCII for the standard fonts used.
$rows = [
    ['Crayon', '12', '0.80', '9.60'],
    ['Cahier', '8', '2.50', '20.00'],
    ['Regle', '6', '1.20', '7.20'],
    ['Stylo', '10', '1.70', '17.00'],
    ['Gomme', '5', '0.90', '4.50'],
];
$headers = ['Article', 'Quantite', 'Prix EUR', 'Total EUR'];
$columnWidths = [210, 70, 100, 107];
$left = 54;
$top = 716;
$rowHeight = 34;
$tableWidth = array_sum($columnWidths);
$bottom = $top - (count($rows) + 1) * $rowHeight;

// 2. F1 and F2 are distinct resources. A Tf operator selects one
// or the other when drawing data or headers.
$regular = new Type1Font(StandardFont::Helvetica);
$bold = new Type1Font(StandardFont::HelveticaBold);
$resources = new ResourceDictionary(new Font(new DictionaryType(
    new Entry(new NameType('F1'), new IndirectReference($regular)),
    new Entry(new NameType('F2'), new IndirectReference($bold)),
)));

/** @var list<Operator> $operators */
$operators = [
    new BeginTextObject(),
    new SetTextFontAndSize(new NameType('F2'), new NumericType(24)),
    new MoveTextPosition(new NumericType($left), new NumericType(780)),
    new ShowText(new LiteralString('Un tableau compose objet par objet')),
    new SetTextFontAndSize(new NameType('F1'), new NumericType(12)),
    new MoveTextPosition(new NumericType(0), new NumericType(-30)),
    new ShowText(new LiteralString('Colonnes fixes, fonds alternes, grille et positions explicites.')),
    new EndTextObject(),
];

// 3. rg sets fill color. re constructs a rectangle; f fills it
// and ends the path. Finish this path before any text.
$operators[] = new SetNonstrokingRGBColor(new NumericType(0.12), new NumericType(0.23), new NumericType(0.38));
$operators[] = new AppendRectangle(new NumericType($left), new NumericType($top - $rowHeight), new NumericType($tableWidth), new NumericType($rowHeight));
$operators[] = new FillPathNonzero();
foreach ($rows as $index => $row) {
    if ($index % 2 === 0) {
        $operators[] = new SetNonstrokingRGBColor(new NumericType(0.92), new NumericType(0.95), new NumericType(0.98));
        $operators[] = new AppendRectangle(new NumericType($left), new NumericType($top - ($index + 2) * $rowHeight), new NumericType($tableWidth), new NumericType($rowHeight));
        $operators[] = new FillPathNonzero();
    }
}

// 4. RG and w set outlines. Each m/l pair adds a grid subpath;
// S strokes the whole path. y decreases while moving downwards.
$operators[] = new SetStrokingRGBColor(new NumericType(0.55), new NumericType(0.62), new NumericType(0.70));
$operators[] = new SetLineWidth(new NumericType(0.5));
$columnX = $left;
foreach ([0, ...$columnWidths] as $width) {
    $columnX += $width;
    $operators[] = new MoveTo(new NumericType($columnX), new NumericType($top));
    $operators[] = new LineTo(new NumericType($columnX), new NumericType($bottom));
}
for ($line = 0; $line <= count($rows) + 1; ++$line) {
    $lineY = $top - $line * $rowHeight;
    $operators[] = new MoveTo(new NumericType($left), new NumericType($lineY));
    $operators[] = new LineTo(new NumericType($left + $tableWidth), new NumericType($lineY));
}
$operators[] = new StrokePath();

// 5. Each cell opens its BT/ET text object: Td therefore starts from an
// identity matrix. The 10-point offset is our inner margin, and
// y identifies the letter baseline, not the top of the cell.
foreach ([$headers, ...$rows] as $rowIndex => $row) {
    $header = $rowIndex === 0;
    $component = $header ? 1 : 0.15;
    $operators[] = new SetNonstrokingRGBColor(new NumericType($component), new NumericType($component), new NumericType($component));
    $cellX = $left;
    foreach ($row as $columnIndex => $value) {
        $operators[] = new BeginTextObject();
        $operators[] = new SetTextFontAndSize(new NameType($header ? 'F2' : 'F1'), new NumericType(11));
        $operators[] = new MoveTextPosition(new NumericType($cellX + 10), new NumericType($top - $rowIndex * $rowHeight - 22));
        $operators[] = new ShowText(new LiteralString($value));
        $operators[] = new EndTextObject();
        $cellX += $columnWidths[$columnIndex];
    }
}
$operators[] = new BeginTextObject();
$operators[] = new SetTextFontAndSize(new NameType('F1'), new NumericType(11));
$operators[] = new MoveTextPosition(new NumericType($left), new NumericType($bottom - 30));
$operators[] = new ShowText(new LiteralString('Total : 58.30 EUR  |  Donnees fictives, une ligne par cellule.'));
$operators[] = new EndTextObject();

// 6. ContentStreams contains instructions; StreamObject contains bytes
// written in /Contents. The page and catalog assemble the graph.
$contents = new StreamObject(new ContentStreams(...$operators));
$page = new PageObject(
    new Rectangle(new NumericType(0), new NumericType(0), new NumericType(595), new NumericType(842)),
    $resources,
    $contents,
);
$pages = (new PageTreeNode())->addKid($page);
$catalog = new DocumentCatalog($pages);
$file = new FileStructure(new FileHeader('1.7'), new FileBody($catalog), new IndirectReference($catalog));
$path = $argv[1] ?? __DIR__ . '/table.pdf';
$file->writeTo($path);
echo $path . PHP_EOL;